Geogrids is a fast developing segment within Geosynthetics. Unlike woven, non-woven or knitted textile fabric, Geogrids are polymers formed into a very open, grid-like config- uration. They have large apertures between individual ribs in the transverse and longitudinal directions. Geogrids are commonly used to reinforce walls, as well as sub-bases or sub-soils below roads or structures. Geogrids are strong in tension allowing them to transfer forces to a larger area of soil.
Geogrids are:
- Either stretched in one or two directions for improved physical properties.
- Made on weaving or knitting machinery by standard textile manufacturing methods, or
- Structured by bonding rods or strapstogether.
Types:
There are a lot of types of geogrids in the market. Depending on the production types, raw materials they may be defined in several categories. Some of them are:
Uni-axial Geogrids:
The uni-axial Geogrid is manufactured from Propylene. It is produced through the process of extruding, punching, heating and stretching.
Advantages of Uni-axial Geogrids:
- Quicker construction in all weather conditions
- No mortar, dry built
- Optimal utilization of land
- Aesthetically appealing
- Versatile and flexible
- Cost efficient
- Minimal maintenance
Bi-axial Geogrids:
Also manuf actured f rom Propy lene, these are produced through the process of ex truding, punching, heating, longitudinal stretching and transverse stretching.
Advantages of Bi-axial Geogrids:
- Improves the bearing capacity of Foundation
- Prevents cracking and subsiding
- Convenient to construct, reduces cost and maintenance expenses
Applications of Geogrids
Roads and Tunnels
For road construction projects on weak soils, a thick layer of base course is required. Using Geogrids as reinforcing layers helps reduce the required thickness of the unbound base course – stabilizing structures on soft ground or in unsettled areas. Regular traffic movement causes cracks on the road surface. Geogrid’s reinforcing layers can absorb these forces and delay propagation of cracks.
Railways
The support of a rail line, whether for new or existing track, is an essential aspect of railroad construction and maintenance. This can be an expensive and lengthy procedure involving the mitigation of soft or variable soil conditions, frequent ballast maintenance, and in some cases, track realignment. Geogrid is an efficient and cost-effective solution for the mechanical stabilization of rail ballast and sub-ballast layers. This allows for the construction of rail lines with longer life or reduced roadbed thickness with no loss of performance. It also cuts down on track settlement and general wear and tear, which reduces maintenance costs, thus providing both short and long-term financial benefits.
Airport Runways
The GlasGrid System has been successfully used within asphalt overlays throughout the world to combat reflective cracking at runway transition. It is a full-coverage solution for the runways.
Stadiums, Hill Resorts and Golf Courses
In leisure activities like stadiums, resorts or golf courses; Geogrids are used to hold back soil, confine rock and facilitate greening. Special grids with cotton are used to facilitate greening.
Aquaculture
Geogrid protects channel slopes, provides resistance and stability, protecting this object from erosion.Geogrid application considerably reduces losses, connected with fall of ground, landslides and deformation of slopes. In case of water streams construction, geogrid application allows planting trees and shrubs along the banks protecting them from ablation.
Reservoirs and Canals
Geogrids are an economical solution for filling water stream base. Additional advantage is drainage along channels.
Biaxial Geogrid SA
Maximum tensile strength is 50kN/m on both MD & XMD
Performance
Biaxial Geogrid is manufactured from Polypropylene. It is produced through the process of extruding, punching, heating, longitudinal stretching and transverse stretching.
- High tensile strength at both longitudinal and transverse direction
Benefits
- Improving bearing capacity of foundation
- Preventing cracking and subsiding
- Convenient to construct, reducing cost and maintaining expense
Application
- Road Reinforcement
- Expressway Reinforcement
- Railway Reinforcement
- Port Reinforcement
- Airport Reinforcement
- Landfill Reinforcement
- Irrigation Project
- Sea Reclamation Project
Dimension
| Product | AL | AT | WLR | WTR | tLR | tTR | tJ |
| GG1515 | 36 | 36 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 1 | 0.8 | 3.1 |
| GG2020 | 35 | 35 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 3.5 |
| GG2525 | 34 | 34 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 4.2 |
| GG3030 | 34 | 34 | 3 | 3 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 4.9 |
| GG4040 | 33 | 33 | 3 | 3 | 3.4 | 2.1 | 5.5 |
| GG4545 | 32 | 32 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 4.1 | 2.2 | 5.6 |
| GG5050 | 30 | 30 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 2.5 | 5.8 |
- unit = mm
Specification
| Index Properties | Test Method | Unit | GG1515 | GG2020 | GG2525 | GG3030 | ||||
| MD Values | TD Values | MD Values | TD Values | MD Values | TD Values | MD Values | TD Values | |||
| Polymer | – | – | PP | |||||||
| Minimum Carbon Black | ASTM D 4218 | % | 2 | – | 2 | – | 2 | – | 2 | – |
| Tensile Strength @ 2% Strain | ASTM D 6637 | kN/m | 5 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 10.5 | 10.5 |
| Tensile Strength @ 5% Strain | ASTM D 6637 | kN/m | 10.5 | 10.5 | 14 | 14 | 17 | 17 | 21 | 21 |
| Ultimate Tensile Strength | ASTM D 6637 | kN/m | 15 | 15 | 20 | 20 | 25 | 25 | 30 | 30 |
| Strain @ Ultimate Strength | ASTM D 6637 | % | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Structural Integrity | ||||||||||
| Junction Effciency | GRI GG2 | % | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 |
| Flexural Rigidity | ASTM D 7748 | mg-cm | 250,000 | – | 750,000 | – | 1,000,000 | – | 2,000,000 | – |
| Aperture Stability | COE Method | m- N/deg | 0.32 | – | 0.5 | – | 0.65 | – | 0.75 | – |
| Dimensions | ||||||||||
| Roll Width | – | m | 3.95 or 5.95 | – | 3.95 or 5.95 | – | 3.95 or 5.95 | – | 3.95 or 5.95 | – |
| Roll Length | – | m | 75 | – | 50 | – | 50 | – | 50 | – |
| Index Properties | Test Method | Unit | GG4040 | GG4545 | GG5050 | |||
| MD Values | TD Values | MD Values | TD Values | MD Values | TD Values | |||
| Polymer | – | – | PP | |||||
| Minimum Carbon Black | ASTM D 4218 | % | 2 | – | 2 | – | 2 | – |
| Tensile Strength @ 2% Strain | ASTM D 6637 | kN/m | 14 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 17.5 | 17.5 |
| Tensile Strength @ 5% Strain | ASTM D 6637 | kN/m | 28 | 28 | 32 | 32 | 35 | 35 |
| Ultimate Tensile Strength | ASTM D 6637 | kN/m | 40 | 40 | 45 | 45 | 50 | 50 |
| Strain @ Ultimate Strength | ASTM D 6637 | % | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Structural Integrity | ||||||||
| Junction Effciency | GRI GG2 | % | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 |
| Flexural Rigidity | ASTM D 7748 | mg-cm | 4,800,00 0 | – | 6,000,0 00 | – | 8,000,00 0 | – |
| Aperture Stability | COE Method | m- N/deg | 0.98 | – | 1.05 | – | 1.1 | – |
| Dimensions | ||||||||
| Roll Width | – | m | 3.95 | – | 3.95 | – | 3.95 | – |
| Roll Length | – | m | 50 | – | 50 | – | 50 | – |
Note: MD = Machine Direction; TD = Transverse Direction
Biaxial Geogrid RA
Improve long-term performance and reduce cost in road construction GG1100 & GG1200 is an equivalent Biaxial Geogrid to BX1100 & BX1200. Biaxial Geogrid is manufactured from Polypropylene. It is produced through the process of extruding, punching, heating, longitudinal stretching and transverse stretching.
Performance
- High tensile strength at both longitudinal and transverse direction
Benefits
- Improving bearing capacity of foundation
- Preventing cracking and subsiding
- Convenient to construct, reducing cost and maintaining expense
Application
- Road Reinforcement
- Expressway Reinforcement
- Railway Reinforcement
- Port Reinforcement
- Airport Reinforcement
- Landfill Reinforcement
- Irrigation Project
- Sea Reclamation Project
Dimensions
| Product | AL | AT | WLR | WTR | tLR | tTR | tJ |
| GG1100 | 26 | 34 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 1 | 0.8 | 2.7 |
| GG1200 | 26 | 34 | 2.7 | 3 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 3.7 |
- unit = mm
Specifications
| Index Properties | Test Method | Unit | GG1100 | GG1200 | ||
| MD Values | TD Values | MD Values | TD Values | |||
| Polymer | – | – | PP | |||
| Minimum Carbon Black | ASTM D 4218 | % | 2 | – | 2 | – |
| Tensile Strength @ 2% Strain | ASTM D 6637 | kN/m | 4.1 | 6.6 | 6 | 9 |
| Tensile Strength @ 5% Strain | ASTM D 6637 | kN/m | 8.5 | 13.4 | 11.8 | 19.6 |
| Ultimate Tensile Strength | ASTM D 6637 | kN/m | 12.4 | 19 | 19.2 | 28.8 |
| Strain @ Ultimate Strength | ASTM D 6637 | % | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Structural Integrity | ||||||
| Junction Effciency | GRI GG2 | % | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 |
| Overall Flexural Rigidity | ASTM D 1388 | mg-cm | 250,000 | – | 750,000 | – |
| Aperture Stability | COE Method | m-N/deg | 0.32 | – | 0.65 | – |
| Dimensions | ||||||
| Roll Width | – | m | 3.95 or 5.95 | – | 3.95 or 5.95 | – |
| Roll Length | – | m | 75 | – | 50 | – |
Biaxial Geogrid LA
Create better interlock effective for the case of larger size aggregate
Biaxial Geogrid is manufactured from Polypropylene. It is produced through the process of extruding, punching, heating, longitudinal stretching and transverse stretching.
Performance
- High tensile strength at both longitudinal and transverse direction
Benefits
- Improving bearing capacity of foundation
- Preventing cracking and subsiding
- Convenient to construct, reducing cost and maintaining expense
Application
- Road Reinforcement
- Expressway Reinforcement
- Railway Reinforcement
- Port Reinforcement
- Airport Reinforcement
- Landfill Reinforcement
- Irrigation Project
- Sea Reclamation Project
Dimensions
| Product | AL | AT | WLR | WTR | tLR | tTR | tJ |
| GG2020L | 57 | 57 | 6 | 6 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 3.5 |
| GG3030L | 57 | 57 | 6 | 6 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 5 |
| GG4040L | 57 | 57 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
- unit = mm
Specifications
| Index Properties | Test Method | Unit | GG2020L | GG3030L | GG4040L | |||
| MD Values | TD Values | MD Values | TD Values | MD Values | TD Values | |||
| Polymer | – | – | PP | |||||
| Minimum Carbon Black | ASTM D 4218 | % | 2 | – | 2 | – | 2 | – |
| Tensile Strength @ 2% Strain | ASTM D 6637 | kN/m | 7 | 7 | 10.5 | 10.5 | 14 | 14 |
| Tensile Strength @ 5% Strain | ASTM D 6637 | kN/m | 14 | 14 | 21 | 21 | 28 | 28 |
| Ultimate Tensile Strength | ASTM D 6637 | kN/m | 20 | 20 | 30 | 30 | 40 | 40 |
| Strain @ Ultimate Strength | ASTM D 6637 | % | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Structural Integrity | ||||||||
| Junction Efficiency | GRI GG2 | % | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 |
| Dimensions | ||||||||
| Roll Width | – | m | 3.95 | – | 3.95 | – | 3.95 | – |
| Roll Length | – | m | 50 | – | 50 | – | 50 | – |
Note: MD = Machine Direction; TD = Transverse Direction
HDPE Uniaxial Geogrid
Provide slope stablization for Retaining Wall System
HDPE Uniaxial Geogrid is manufactured from High Density Polyethylene. It is produced through the process of extruding, punching, heating and stretching.
Performance
- High tensile strength
- Low creep deformation
Benefits
- Improving bearing capacity of retaining wall or dam
- Extending the project life
- Reducing floor area
- Shortening construction period, reducing cost and maintaining expense
Application
- Retaining Wall Reinforcement
- Steep Slope Reinforcement
- Dam Reinforcement
Dimensions
| Product | AL | AT | WTR | tLR | tJ |
| GG60PE | 460 | 12 | 18 | 1 | 2.7 |
| GG80PE | 460 | 12 | 18 | 1.2 | 3.3 |
| GG120PE | 460 | 12 | 18 | 1.9 | 5.2 |
| GG160PE | 460 | 12 | 18 | 2.3 | 6.2 |
| GG180PE | 460 | 12 | 18 | 2.5 | 6.4 |
| GG200PE | 460 | 12 | 18 | 2.6 | 6.5 |
- Unit = mm
Specifications
| Index Properties | Test Method | Unit | GG60PE | GG80PE | GG120PE | GG160PE | GG180PE | GG200PE |
| MD Values | ||||||||
| Polymer | – | – | HDPE | |||||
| Minimum Carbon Black | ASTM D 4218 | % | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Tensile Strength @ 2% Strain | ASTM D 6637 | kN/m | 16 | 23 | 35 | 47 | 52 | 58 |
| Tensile Strength @ 5% Strain | ASTM D 6637 | kN/m | 31 | 44 | 65 | 93 | 104 | 116 |
| Ultimate Tensile Strength | ASTM D 6637 | kN/m | 60 | 80 | 120 | 160 | 180 | 200 |
| Strain @ Ultimate Strength | ASTM D 6637 | % | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 |
| Junction Efficiency | GRI GG2-87 | % | 93 | 93 | 93 | 93 | 90 | 90 |
| Flexural Rigidity | ASTM D 1388 | mg-cm | 1,400,000 | 2,300,000 | 6,000,000 | 19,000,000 | – | – |
| Durability | ||||||||
| UV Resistance | ASTM D 4355 | % | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 98 |
| Oxidation Resistance | EN ISO 13438 | % | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Brittleness | WashDOT T926 | – | Pass | Pass | Pass | Pass | Pass | Pass |
| Reduction Factor | ||||||||
| Reduction Factor of Installation Damage (RFid) | ASTM D5818 | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Reduction Factor for Creep of 114-year Design Life (RFcr) | ASTM D5262 | – | 2.23 | 2.23 | 2.23 | 2.23 | 2.23 | 2.23 |
| Dimensions | ||||||||
| Roll Width | – | m | 1 or 2 | 1 or 2 | 1 or 2 | 1 or 2 | 1 or 2 | 1 or 2 |
| Roll Length | – | m | 100 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
Note: MD = Machine Direction
PP Uniaxial Geogrid
Maximum tensile strength is 300kN/m
PP Uniaxial Geogrid is manufactured from Polypropylene. It is produced through the process of extruding, punching, heating and stretching.
Performance
- High tensile strength
- High elastic modulus
Benefits
- Improving bearing capacity of foundation, retaining wall and dam
- Extending project life
- Reducing floor area
- Shortening construction period, reducing cost and maintaining expense
Application
- Retaining Wall Reinforcement
- Railway Reinforcement
- Dam Reinforcement
- Sea Reclamation Project
Dimensions
| Product | AL | AT | WTR | tLR | tJ |
| GG60PP | 530 | 14 | 18 | 0.9 | 2.3 |
| GG80PP | 530 | 14 | 18 | 1.1 | 2.6 |
| GG110PP | 530 | 14 | 18 | 1.3 | 4 |
| GG150PP | 530 | 14 | 16 | 1.8 | 6.3 |
| GG260PP | 530 | 14 | 16 | 3 | 8.7 |
| GG300PP | 530 | 14 | 16 | 3.4 | 9.8 |
- Unit = mm
Specifications
| Properties | GG60PP | GG80PP | GG110PP | GG150PP | GG260PP | GG300PP |
| Tensile Stength (kN/m) | 60 | 80 | 110 | 150 | 260 | 300 |
| Elongation Ratio | ≤10% | ≤10% | ≤10% | ≤10% | ≤10% | ≤10% |
| Strength at 2% Elongation (≥kN/m) | 17 | 26 | 32 | 45 | 94 | 105 |
| Strength at 5% Elongation (≥kN/m) | 35 | 48 | 64 | 90 | 185 | 195 |
| Roll Length (m) | 100 | 100 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
| Roll Width (m) | 01-03 | 01-03 | 01-03 | 01-03 | 01-03 | 01-03 |
PET Uniaxial Geogrid
PET Geogrid is manufactured from creep resistant, high-tenacity, multifilament polyester yarns, woven through warp knitted and coated with durable polymer which provides the best resistance of UV and durability.
Performance
- High tensile strength
- Low creep deformation
Benefits
- Improving bearing capacity of foundation
- Improving bearing capacity of retaining wall or dam
- Extending the project life
- Shortening construction period, reducing cost and maintaining expense
| Property | Unit | 40 x 20 | 60 x 20 | 80 x 30 | 100 x 30 | 120 x 30 | 150 x 30 | 200 x 30 | 250 x 30 | 300 x 30 |
| Ultimate Tensile Strength (MD, Machine Direction) | kN/m | 40 | 60 | 80 | 100 | 120 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 |
| Ultimate Tensile Strength (Cross Machine Direction) | kN/m | 20 | 20 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Aperture Size | mm | 28×24 | 28×24 | 28×24 | 28×22 | 28×22 | 28×22 | 28×21 | 28×21 | 28×21 |
| Reduction Factor & LTDS (Long Term Design Strength) | ||||||||||
| RFCR 120 Yrs Life 200C Temp | 1.46 | 1.46 | 1.46 | 1.46 | 1.46 | 1.46 | 1.46 | 1.46 | 1.46 | |
| RFCR 120 Yrs Life 400C Temp | 1.57 | 1.57 | 1.57 | 1.57 | 1.57 | 1.57 | 1.57 | 1.57 | 1.57 | |
| RFD pH = 4 to 9 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | |
| RFID Sand/Silt/Clay | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | |
| RFID <38mm Gravel | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.15 | |
| LTDS (Sand/Silt/Clay); pH=4-9 | 21.75 | 32.62 | 43.50 | 54.37 | 65.25 | 81.55 | 108.74 | 136.00 | 163.10 | |
| LTDS (Gravel <38mm); pH=4-9 | 20.80 | 31.20 | 41.61 | 52.00 | 62.41 | 78.00 | 104.01 | 130.02 | 156.00 | |
| Standard Roll Dimensions | Roll Length | 50/100 meter | ||||||||
| Roll Width | 5 meter | |||||||||
